Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology (EPPP) Practice Test

In which developmental stage do children make moral decisions based on rules and laws, according to Kohlberg?

1. Instrumental

2. Conventional

3. Postconventional

4. Preconventional

The correct answer is: Conventional

The correct answer is based on Kohlberg's theory of moral development, specifically the conventional level. At this stage, children begin to understand and adhere to societal rules and laws, which they view as important for maintaining order and harmony within their communities. Their moral reasoning at this level is characterized by an emphasis on the importance of behaving in accordance with societal norms, gaining approval, and fulfilling their duties as a member of society. Children in this stage often believe that rules should be followed to maintain the structure of society. They prioritize the approval of others and the societal implications of their actions, indicating that moral decisions are heavily influenced by established guidelines and the desire to be seen as a good member of their community. This reflects a broader understanding of morality that extends beyond personal interests, moving into the realm of social expectations. In contrast, the other stages represent different approaches to moral reasoning. The preconventional stage, for example, focuses on self-interest and outcomes rather than social rules. The postconventional stage involves a higher level of moral reasoning where individuals begin to question established laws and consider universal ethical principles. The instrumental stage is more concerned with exchanges and individual benefits than with moral obligations. Hence, the conventional stage is aptly recognized as the one where respect for laws